Students might analyze the text as well as the images in regard to issues of gender and race. In the third one, Conrad's thumbs are about to be cut off by the tailor because he did not listen to his mother warning him not to suck his thumbs while she went out. What happens to disobedient children who suck their thumbs when told not to is illustrated in four panels. Parents' mention of a specific character in Der Struwwelpeter kids knew well served as short-hand criticism of objectionable behavior.
While many German parents today find the tales disturbing, those who raised their children during the early decades of the 20th century found them useful for childrearing. The cartoon-like illustrations depict the dire consequences of such disobedient and unwise behavior as: poor hygiene, cruelty, playing with matches, bullying, thumb sucking, eating poorly, fidgeting at the table, and not paying attention while walking. The 10 cautionary tales told in rhyme are accompanied by vivid illustrations of boys and girls in nightmarish scenarios. Twain's American version, Slovenly Peter, was published in 1935. According to one, her father had been motivated by his close identification with the children in Der Struwwelpter. While living in Berlin with his family in 1891, Mark Twain translated the book he gave to his three daughters for Christmas. The first English translation was published in 1848. Hoffman, a Frankfurt physician and father, wrote the book after realizing that there were none he wanted to buy for his 3-year-old son for Christmas. Published in 1858, Der Struwwelpeter (Shaggy Peter) is a German children's book first published anonymously under a different title in 1845 by Heinrich Hoffman.
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